Node.js File System:

Node.js includes fs module to access physical file system. The fs module is responsible for all the asynchronous or synchronous file I/O operations.

Let's see some of the common I/O operation examples using fs module.

Reading File:

Use fs.readFile() method to read the physical file asynchronously.

Parameters:

• filename: Full path and name of the file as a string.
• options: The options parameter can be an object or string which can include encoding and flag. The default encoding is utf8 and default flag is "r".
• callback: A function with two parameters err and fd. This will get called when readFile operation completes.

The following example demonstrates reading existing TestFile.txt asynchronously.

var fs = require('fs');

fs.readFile('TestFile.txt', function (err, data) {
    if (err) throw err;

    console.log(data);
});

The above example reads TestFile.txt (on Windows) asynchronously and executes callback function when read operation completes. This read operation either throws an error or completes successfully. The err parameter contains error information if any. The data parameter contains the content of the specified file.

The following is a sample TextFile.txt file.

This is test file to test fs module of Node.js

Now, run the above example and see the result as shown below.

Use fs.readFileSync() method to read file synchronously as shown below.

var fs = require('fs');

var data = fs.readFileSync('dummyfile.txt', 'utf8');
console.log(data);

Writing File:

Use fs.writeFile() method to write data to a file. If file already exists then it overwrites the existing content otherwise it creates a new file and writes data into it.

Parameters:

• filename: Full path and name of the file as a string.
• Data: The content to be written in a file.
• options: The options parameter can be an object or string which can include encoding, mode and flag. The default encoding is utf8 and default flag is "r".
• callback: A function with two parameters err and fd. This will get called when write operation completes.

The following example creates a new file called test.txt and writes "Hello World" into it asynchronously.

var fs = require('fs');

fs.writeFile('test.txt', 'Hello World!', function (err) { 
    if (err)
        console.log(err);
    else
        console.log('Write operation complete.');
});

In the same way, use fs.appendFile() method to append the content to an existing file.

var fs = require('fs');

fs.appendFile('test.txt', 'Hello World!', function (err) { 
    if (err)
        console.log(err);
    else
        console.log('Append operation complete.');
});

Open File:

Alternatively, you can open a file for reading or writing using fs.open() method.

Parameters:

• path: Full path with name of the file as a string.
• Flag: The flag to perform operation
• Mode: The mode for read, write or readwrite. Defaults to 0666 readwrite.
• callback: A function with two parameters err and fd. This will get called when file open operation completes.

Flags:

The following table lists all the flags which can be used in read/write operation.

The following example opens an existing file and reads its content.

var fs = require('fs');

fs.open('TestFile.txt', 'r', function (err, fd) {
    
    if (err) {
        return console.error(err);
    }
    
    var buffr = new Buffer(1024);
    
    fs.read(fd, buffr, 0, buffr.length, 0, function (err, bytes) {
       
        if (err) throw err;
            
        // Print only read bytes to avoid junk.
        if (bytes > 0) {
            console.log(buffr.slice(0, bytes).toString());
        }
        
        // Close the opened file.
        fs.close(fd, function (err) {
            if (err) throw err;
        });
    });
});

Delete File:

Use fs.unlink() method to delete an existing file.

The following example deletes an existing file.

var fs = require('fs');

fs.unlink('test.txt', function () {
    
    console.log('write operation complete.');

});

Important method of fs module:

Visit Node documentation for more information on fs module.